In the Four Noble Truths, suffering is birth, aging, illness, death, union with what is displeasing, separation from what is pleasing, not getting what one wants; in brief, the five aggregates subject to clinging are suffering, and the Buddha also taught that the way to end suffering is to practice the Noble Eightfold Path: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration...

The Buddha taught in the Dhammacakkappavattanasutta(Saṁyutta Nikāya) as follows:"And what, bhikkhus,...

What, bhikkhus, is noble right concentration with its supports and its requisites, that is, right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, and right mindfulness? Unification of mind equipped with these seven factors is called noble right concentration with its supports and its requisites. Any concentration that has the following 7 parts: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, and right mindfulness is called right concentration. Any concentration that does not have those 7 parts is called wrong concentration...

This ability to remember what needs to be done, what should be done, for those who study Buddhism is the mental factor of MINDSET, remembering the evil things that should not be done, the good things that should be done... is mindfulness....

One makes an effort to abandon wrong view and to enter upon right view: this is one’s right effort. One makes an effort to abandon wrong intention and to enter upon right intention: this is one’s right effort. One makes an effort to abandon wrong speech and to enter upon right speech: this is one’s right effort. One makes an effort to abandon wrong action and to enter upon right action: this is one’s right effort. One makes an effort to abandon wrong livelihood and to enter upon right livelihood: this is one’s right effort...

And what, bhikkhus, is wrong livelihood? Scheming, talking, hinting, belittling, pursuing gain with gain: this is wrong livelihood, ...Here, bhikkhus, a noble disciple abandons wrong livelihood and gains his living by right livelihood: this is right livelihood that is affected by taints…ripening in the acquisitions...

Abstinence from killing living beings, abstinence from taking what is not given, abstinence from misconduct in sensual pleasures: this is right action that is affected by taints…ripening in the acquisitions...

And what, bhikkhus, is right speech that is affected by taints, partaking of merit, ripening in the acquisitions? Abstinence from false speech, abstinence from malicious speech, abstinence from harsh speech, abstinence from gossip: this is right speech that is affected by taints…ripening in the acquisitions....

The intention of renunciation, the intention of non-ill will, and the intention of non-cruelty: this is right intention that is affected by taints…ripening in the acquisitions, The thinking, thought, intention, mental absorption, mental fixity, directing of mind, verbal formation in one whose mind is noble, whose mind is taintless, who possesses the noble path and is developing the noble path...

There is what is given and what is offered and what is sacrificed; there is fruit and result of good and bad actions; there is this world and the other world; there is mother and father; there are beings who are reborn spontaneously; there are in the world good and virtuous recluses and brahmins who have realised for themselves by direct knowledge and declare this world and the other world...