The sutra is called Nikaya in Pali
The Sutras contain the teachings of Buddha Gautama during 45 years of spreading the Dharma, including basic teachings such as the Four Noble Truths, Dependent Origination, Anatta... They are recorded in the Magadhi language of the Buddha's time, condensed, transmitted by oral tradition, and systematized through the first and second Congresses of sutra compilations.
Is a precious treasure of many sermons (Sutras, Suttas), on many occasions the Buddha taught his disciples, arhats, sravakas, lay people and people, kings and officials of all social classes during his time
Over thousands of years, the Sutras were passed down orally by Great Disciples and Holy Disciples, then collected, recorded, and systematized in many forms such as books, or engraved on stone stele and passed down
The Nikaya has the following main ministries:
1. Digha Nikaya (Collection of Long Discourses)
2. Majjhima Nikaya (Collection of Middle-length Discourses)
3. Samyutta Nikaya (Collection of Kindred Sayings)
4. Anguttara Nikaya (Collection of Gradual Sayings)
5. Khuddaka Nikaya (Smaller Collection)
You can learn more about the sutra compilations after the Buddha entered Nirvana until now, having gone through many sutra compilations.
Up to this point in 2024, the Tripitaka has been compiled 6 times to preserve and maintain complete Buddhist teachings, not to be fragmented or lost.
In countries like Burma and Thailand, there are people who are called Tripitaka because they memorize the Sutras and pass Tripitaka exams with very difficult requirements on memory and understanding of the Sutras.
Delving Deeper into the Nikayas: A Treasure Trove of Buddha's Teachings
The passage you provided offers a concise introduction to the Nikayas, the core collection of Buddhist scriptures in Pali. Here, we'll delve deeper into their significance and explore the rich tapestry of wisdom they contain.
The Nikayas: A Window into the Buddha's World
The Nikayas stand as a testament to the Buddha's lifelong dedication to sharing his realizations. Encompassing discourses delivered over 45 years, they offer a captivating glimpse into his teaching style and the various contexts in which he expounded the Dharma. Imagine the Buddha addressing diverse audiences – from monks and nuns to laypeople, kings and officials. We encounter him tackling profound philosophical concepts like the Four Noble Truths and Anatta (no-self) alongside practical guidance for navigating daily life.
Oral Tradition and the Councils
The Nikayas originated from an era where knowledge was primarily transmitted orally. Disciples meticulously memorized the Buddha's discourses, ensuring their survival for generations. The first and second Buddhist councils served as pivotal moments in systematizing these vast teachings. These historical gatherings brought together erudite monks to meticulously recite and verify the Buddha's words, culminating in the compilation of the Nikayas.
The Five Nikayas: A Spectrum of Teachings
The Nikayas are further categorized into five distinct collections, each with its own unique character:
- Digha Nikaya (Collection of Long Discourses): This compilation features extended discourses on core Buddhist principles, historical accounts, and dialogues with prominent figures.
- Majjhima Nikaya (Collection of Middle-length Discourses): Here, we find discourses of moderate length, offering a balanced exploration of various themes like meditation, ethics, and the nature of reality.
- Samyutta Nikaya (Collection of Kindred Sayings): Structured thematically, this collection groups the Buddha's teachings based on shared topics, making it a valuable resource for focused study.
- Anguttara Nikaya (Collection of Gradual Sayings): This Nikaya presents the Buddha's teachings in a numerical progression, often delving into ethical principles and their consequences.
- Khuddaka Nikaya (Smaller Collection): This diverse collection encompasses shorter texts covering a wide range of topics, including parables, poems, and monastic regulations.
Enduring Legacy: From Oral Tradition to Modern Scholarship
For centuries, the Nikayas were preserved through oral tradition. The dedication of generations of Buddhist scholars ensured their transmission across geographical and cultural boundaries. With the advent of writing, the Nikayas were finally recorded, further solidifying their place as the foundation of Buddhist thought.
Today, the Nikayas continue to be meticulously studied and translated. Scholars delve into their historical context, linguistic nuances, and philosophical implications, offering contemporary interpretations that resonate with modern audiences.
The Tripitaka: A Broader Context
It's important to understand the Nikayas within the larger framework of the Pali Canon, known as the Tripitaka (Three Baskets). The Nikayas comprise the Sutta Pitaka (Basket of Discourses), forming the core of the Buddha's teachings. The Vinaya Pitaka (Basket of Discipline) outlines monastic regulations, while the Abhidhamma Pitaka (Basket of Higher Doctrines) delves into the philosophical underpinnings of the Dharma.
The Ongoing Transmission: Memorization and Beyond
The passage mentions the remarkable practice of memorizing the entire Tripitaka, a tradition still alive in some Theravada Buddhist countries. This practice exemplifies the deep reverence for the Buddha's words and the commitment to preserving them. However, the dissemination of knowledge has also evolved with technology. Pali texts are now readily available in digital formats, translated languages, and scholarly commentaries, making them accessible to a wider audience.
Conclusion: A Timeless Wellspring of Wisdom
The Nikayas remain a timeless treasure trove of wisdom. By delving into its rich tapestry of teachings, we gain profound insights into the Buddha's path to liberation. The Nikayas continue to inspire practitioners and scholars alike, offering guidance for navigating the complexities of life and leading a meaningful existence.
(Images in this article are used by Wagaung, Jacklee, Foriskak, Thank you)